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Quando una molecola può essere considerata un dipolo?

Posted on Agosto 5, 2022 By Author

Sommario

  • 1 Quando una molecola può essere considerata un dipolo?
  • 2 Che tipo di legame SI instaura tra un atomo di idrogeno e uno di cloro?
  • 3 What is the dipole moment of fluorine in NH3?
  • 4 What is the number of dipole moments in NF3?

Quando una molecola può essere considerata un dipolo?

Si hanno quando due atomi in una molecola hanno una elettronegatività differente e un atomo attrae gli elettroni di legame più esterni dell’altro, acquisendo una parziale carica negativa e inducendo una parziale carica positiva sull’altro atomo.

Che tipo di legame SI instaura tra un atomo di idrogeno e uno di cloro?

Consideriamo ad esempio la molecola dell’acido Cloridrico (HCl) nella quale H e Cl condividono una coppia di elettroni. La coppia di elettroni che costituisce il legame covalente risulta spostata verso l’atomo più elettronegativo (in questo caso il Cl).

Come si fa a capire se una molecola è polare o apolare?

In chimica, la polarità è una proprietà delle molecole per cui una molecola (detta polare) presenta una carica parziale positiva su una parte della molecola e una carica parziale negativa sulla parte opposta di essa. Le molecole che non presentano il fenomeno della polarità sono dette apolari o non polari.

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What is the orbital dipole of NH3 and NF3?

This is because, in case of NH3 the orbital dipole due to lone pair is in the same direction as the resultant dipole moment of the N – H bonds, whereas in NF3 the orbital dipole is in the direction opposite to the resultant dipole moment of the three N–F bonds.

What is the dipole moment of fluorine in NH3?

Although fluorine is more electronegative than nitrogen, the resultant dipole moment of NH3 ( 4.90 × 10–30 C m) is greater than that of NF3 (0.8 × 10–30 C m). whereas in NF3 the orbital dipole is in the direction opposite to the resultant dipole moment of the three N–F bonds.

What is the number of dipole moments in NF3?

In NF3, the F-N dipoles are opposed to the N-lone pair dipole. That is, the 3 F-N dipoles weaken the lone pair dipole and vice versa. Thus the vector sum of the four dipole moments becomes low and has a value of 0.23D. The lone pair moment is also called “orbital moment”.

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How do you find the net dipole moment of NH3?

Ideally, the net dipole moment is a sum of all the individual bond moments. For complex molecules like NH3 and NF3, the net molecular dipole cannot be directly calculated by the vector addition of the bond moments. In addition to the molecular shape, the contribution of the lone pair to the net dipole moment is also considered.

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